A double-blind, placebo-controlled study with acute and continuation phase of Quetiapine and Lithium in adults with bipolar depression (Embolden I)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to look into the balance of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β) cytokines and their association with stress, alterations in HPA axis activity and the disease severity in acute psychosis.Socio-demographic and clinical details were collected from 41 in-patients with a diagnosis of Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder. Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale for stress in the preceding year, and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale at baseline and follow up (4–12 weeks) for psychopathology were applied. IL-6, TNF-α (pro-inflammatory), TGF-β (anti-inflammatory) and Cortisol (morning and afternoon values) were measured at baseline and follow up.A total of 30 out of 41 cases recruited had follow up data available. The levels of IL-6 (p < 0.001), TNF-α (p < 0.001) and TGF-β (p < 0.001) at baseline were all found to be significantly elevated compared to 42 age and gender matched healthy controls. There was a significant increase in the levels of TNF-α (p = 0.020) and morning levels of cortisol (p = 0.009) and a significant decrease in the levels of TGF-β (p = 0.004) and afternoon levels of cortisol (p = 0.043) from baseline to follow up.This study showed that there was an increased level of both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines at baseline and a prolonged pro − inflammatory compared to anti − inflammatory response which warrants larger prospective studies and comparative studies to patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".