Electromagnetic induction in the Earth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Measurements of electrical properties of the Earth using electromagnetic induction (EM) can elucidate geological structures and processes ranging from meter to mantle scale. The 18th International Workshop on Electromagnetic Induction in the Earth (EMIW) highlighted how recent theoretical and instrumental advances are being applied in high‐quality EM induction studies from around the world, at lithospheric, crustal, and near‐surface scales. Important aspects of the lithospheric and crustal studies presented included the demonstration of the increased resolution provided by dense two‐dimensional magnetotelluric (MT) profiles and three‐dimensional grids, the common use of the improved impedance tensor decomposition method to correct regional MT responses, widespread consideration of implicitly anisotropic materials within multidimensional MT models, and, in the numerical modeling field, the increased use of unstructured meshes. Review papers provided an overview of the large‐scale EM surveys and spatial variations in the European lithosphere and addressed the role of EM in monitoring seismic and volcanic crustal processes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".