An Improved Wear-resistant PTA Hardfacing: VWC/Stellite 21
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel compound carbide, VWC, is designed to incorporate into Stellite 21, in order to achieve an improved wear-resistant composite, plasma transferred arc (PTA) hardfacing. Different contents of VWC in the composite, 5, 10, and 20% (in weight), are tested. The microstructures of the hardfacing specimens are studied using, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) plus, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray techniques. The influence of VWC additive on the mechanical properties of the Co solid solution in Stellite 21 matrix is investigated with a nano-indentation technique. The hardness and wear resistance of the hardfacing specimens are evaluated on a Wilson Rockwell machine and a ball-on-disc tribometer, respectively. It is found that the hardness and wear resistance of the VWC/Stellite 21 composite layer are much higher than those of pure Stellite 21. The presence of the VWC reinforcement changes the microstructure of the Stellite 21 matrix and strengthens the Co solid solution.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it