The <i>ASCA</i> Catalog of Potential X‐Ray Counterparts of GeV Sources
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a catalog of 2-10 keV ASCA Gas Imaging Spectrometer images of fields containing bright sources of GeV emission. The images cover ∼85% of the 95% confidence position contour for 28 of the 30 sources with >1 GeV fluxes above 4 × 10 -8 ph cm -2 s -1 . We find an excess of hard X-ray sources with F 2-10keV ≳ 10 -12 ergs cm -2 s -1 positionally coincident with unidentified sources of GeV emission. We comment on radio-loud and radio-quiet pulsar candidates, as well as several SNRs and massive binaries as possible sources of the GeV emission. We also find evidence for a class of variable γ-ray sources associated with extended regions of hard X-ray emission, and propose that for these sources, a significant percentage of the γ-ray emission is generated in synchrotron nebulae surrounding fast, young pulsars.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".