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AGE-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN BODY MASS AND RATES OF MASS GAIN OF PASSERINES DURING AUTUMN MIGRATORY STOPOVER

2002· article· en· W2066875669 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.
aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.

Bibliographic record

VenueOrnithological Applications · 2002
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicAvian ecology and behavior
Canadian institutionsTrent UniversityYork UniversityBirds CanadaQueen's University
FundersBird Studies Canada
KeywordsForagingBiologyEcologyZoologyDemography

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Age-related differences in stopover ecology of migrant songbirds are poorly understood. We compared body mass, fat scores, and rates of mass gain of adults and immatures of 52 species of birds during autumn migration stopover at Long Point, Ontario, Canada, on the north shore of Lake Erie. Mean body mass of adults was greater than that of immatures in the majority of species with a detectable difference, but the average difference across species was only 1%. Fat scores were also higher for adults in many species, suggesting that mass differences were due to differences in condition rather than body size. Mean rate of mass gain, estimated from changes in body mass of first captures over the course of the day, did not differ significantly between adults and immatures of most species. However, the power to detect differences was low. Averaged across species (n = 117 903 birds), the estimated rate of mass gain for adults was 10% higher than that for immatures, but with 95% confidence limits ranging from 12% lower to 32% higher. The observed differences in body mass could be produced by a small difference in rate of mass gain. Small differences in body mass and rate of mass gain between immatures and adults could indicate that young passerines rapidly develop similar foraging skills to those of adults, or that young birds are not particularly disadvantaged at Long Point either because of good food supply, or because there is little need to accumulate large amounts of fat in the early stages of migration. Diferencias Dadas por la Edad en la Masa Corporal y la Tasa de Aumento de Masa de Aves Paserinas durante Escalas Migratorias Otoñales Resumen. La ecología de las aves canoras migratorias de diferentes edades en sus sitios de descanso es poco conocida. Comparamos la masa corporal, los niveles de grasa y la tasa de aumento de masa de adultos e inmaduros de 52 especies de aves durante escalas migratorias otoñales en la costa norte del Lago Erie, Long Point, Ontario, Canadá. La masa corporal de los adultos fue superior a la de los inmaduros en la mayoría de las especies, pero en promedio esta diferencia fue sólo del 1% para todas las especies. Los niveles de grasa también fueron mayores en adultos de muchas especies, lo que sugiere que las diferencias en masa se debieron a diferencias en la condición física y no al tamaño corporal de las aves. La tasa media de aumento de masa, estimada a partir de cambios en la masa corporal de las primeras capturas en el curso del día, no difirió significativamente entre adultos e inmaduros para la mayoría de las especies, pero el poder de la prueba estadística para detectar diferencias fue bajo. Promediada para todas las especies (n = 117 903 aves), la tasa estimada de aumento de masa para los adultos fue superior en un 10% a la de los inmaduros, pero con intervalos de confianza del 95% fluctuando entre un mínimo de 12% y 32%. Las diferencias observadas en masa corporal pudieron ser producidas por una pequeña diferencia en las tasas de aumento de masa. Las pequeñas diferencias en la masa corporal y la tasa de aumento de masa entre inmaduros y adultos podrían indicar que las aves jóvenes desarrollan habilidades de forrajeo similares a las de los adultos rápidamente o que las aves jóvenes no están particularmente en desventaja en Long Point ya sea porque el alimento es abundante o porque no es necesario acumular grandes cantidades de grasa en las primeras etapas de la migración.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.067
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.019
GPT teacher head0.237
Teacher spread0.218 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it