Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The goal of this article is to review the possible physiological roles of the recently identified urate transporter, solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 9 (SLC2A9), in the renal handling of urate. RECENT FINDINGS: Glucose transporter 9 is a high affinity hexose transporter encoded by the SLC2A9 gene found on human chromosome 4. The two splice variants SLC2A9b and SLC2A9a are expressed in the apical and basolateral membranes, respectively, of the proximal convoluted tubule. Recent reports have found significant correlations between two different sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms in SLC2A9. In one case, they are associated with increases in plasma urate levels and/or the incidence of hypertension or gout. The second set of single nucleotide polymorphisms correlate with hypouricaemia in Japanese patients. Expression of SLC2A9a and b in Xenopus laevis oocytes shows that these proteins mediate rapid urate fluxes and can exchange glucose for urate. Indirect evidence also suggests that the transporter is electrogenic. SUMMARY: This review proposes that SLC2A9 contributes significantly in two ways to the fluxes of urate across the proximal convoluted tubule. Firstly, the apical expression of SLC2A9b secretes urate back into the urine in exchange for lumenal glucose. Secondly, the basolateral membrane SLC2A9a could be the primary route for urate movement out of the epithelium into the peritubular space.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".