Unilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis Following Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine if unilateral vocal cord paralysis (UVCP) following patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligation is associated with respiratory and swallowing morbidities in extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Tertiary care neonatal intensive care units and pediatric hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-three infants undergoing PDA ligation (subdivided into the main study group of 12 infants with UVCP and 11 without paralysis) and 12 weight- and gestational age-matched ELBW controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of UVCP, time requiring supplemental oxygen and ventilatory support, length of hospital stay, incidence and duration of tube feeding following discharge, and incidence of chronic lung disease. RESULTS: The overall incidence of UVCP was 52% (12/23), increasing to 67% (12/18) in ELBW infants. Infants without UVCP following PDA ligation were heavier (P = .006), with a more advanced gestational age (P = .03). Patients with UVCP required longer tube feeding (relative risk, 8.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.93-46.98; P = .003), supplemental oxygen (P = .004), and ventilatory support (P = .001) and had a longer hospital stay (P < .001). In comparison to matched controls, infants with UVCP required longer tube feeding (relative risk, 9.00; 95% confidence interval, 2.08-51.30; P = .003), supplemental oxygen (P = .03), and ventilatory support (P = .002) and had a longer hospital stay (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: There was a high incidence of occurrence of UVCP (67%) associated with PDA ligation in ELBW infants. Unilateral vocal cord paralysis following PDA ligation does seem to be associated with increased requirements for tube feeding, respiratory support, and hospital stay in these ELBW infants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".