Electromagnetic Valve Actuation System With Two Configurations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electromagnetic valve actuation systems for automotive combustion engines must provide extremely fast valve motion when the engine speed is high, but they also need to ensure low valve seating velocities during engine idle. These two constraints are difficult to combine in conventional spring assisted electromagnetic valve actuation devices that operate at a fixed resonance frequency. This paper focuses on a mechanism with two distinct configurations for low and high speed engine operations respectively. The mechanism is based on two pivoting cams. The synthesis of the cam profile ultimately determines the performance of the actuation system. An algorithm is presented that provides a time optimum cam profile for the high speed cam. The low speed cam is designed to allow for servo control of the valve system. A control scheme that aims to minimize electric losses in the drive system is also introduced. Both the cam synthesis algorithms and the control algorithm are applied to a typical automotive valve train and a digital simulation is used to validate the effectiveness of the mechanical cam design and control scheme.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".