Lifestyle Modification, Central Artery Stiffness, and Endothelial Function in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While each component of metabolic syndrome (MS) is independently associated with central artery stiffness, the interaction of these components may be synergistic. In addition, impaired endothelial function has been observed in subjects with MS and is suggested to be an early stage in the development of atherosclerosis. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of a 6-month lifestyle modification (exercise and diet) on central artery stiffness and endothelial function in subjects with MS. METHODS: These findings are from Staged Nutrition and Activity Counseling (SNAC) study which included an individually customized Mediterranean style diet with physical exercise vs usual care lifestyle counseling. Forty-eight subjects (55.2±8.8 yrs, 23 without MS and 25 with MS) were studied for 6 months. Followings were determined at baseline and following the intervention: carotid artery distensibility and β-stiffness index, flow-mediated dilation, nitroglycerin-mediated dilation, MS risk factors [triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), blood pressure (BP), fasting glucose (FG), and waist circumference (Wc)], blood-born markers of endothelial function [intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and P-selectin], and exercise capacity (VO2max). RESULTS: At baseline, TG, BP, FG, and Wc were higher, and HDL was lower in subjects with MS than without MS (all p<0.05). Carotid artery distensibility was tended to be lower in subjects with MS than without MS. SNAC significantly increased carotid artery distensiility (0.20±0.07 vs 0.14±0.04 1/mmHg*10–2, p<0.05) and decreased ?-stiffness index (10.4±4.0 vs 14.7±8.8 AU, p<0.05) in subjects with MS to a level similar to those of subjects without MS. These improvements were accompanied by reductions of Wc, DBP, FG, number of MS risk factors, and by increased VO2max in subjects with MS (all p<0.05). VO2max also increased in subjects without MS (p<0.05). Endothelial function however remained unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSION: These results show that our lifestyle modification reduced central artery stiffness and components of MS in subjects with MS. However, endothelial function appears to require more targeted and intensive treatment. Supported by CIHR and HSFO.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".