Model-based method for improvements in the calibration of ultrasonic power measurements at low-power levels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The measurement uncertainty in the calibration of ultrasonic power measurements at low-power levels was reduced by a model-based signal-processing method. The ultrasonic power measurement system is based on the radiation force balance method according to IEC 61161. Outputs of an electronic balance and the excitation voltage were simultaneously sampled and recorded. A computer-controlled coaxial switch that utilizes data lines of the parallel port of a desktop computer was used for power-on and power-off control. Power-on and power-off intervals were finely controlled by the desktop computer. The Electroacoustic radiation conductance, defined as the ratio of the ultrasonic power of a transducer and the square of the rf voltage at its input, was calculated from the recorded data. During data processing, a simple model for drifting and switching was proposed and a least-mean-squares algorithm was used to estimate parameters of the model. Good measurement reproducibility was also observed that resulted in the reduction of total measurement uncertainty.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".