A Mouse Model of Acinetobacter baumannii-Associated Pneumonia Using a Clinically Isolated Hypervirulent Strain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important emerging pathogen in health care-acquired infections and is responsible for severe nosocomial and community-acquired pneumonia. Currently available mouse models of A. baumannii pneumonia show poor colonization with little to no extrapulmonary dissemination. Here, we describe a mouse model of A. baumannii pneumonia using a clinical isolate (LAC-4 strain) that reliably reproduces the most relevant features of human pulmonary A. baumannii infection and pathology. Using this model, we have shown that LAC-4 infection induced rapid bacterial replication in the lungs, significant extrapulmonary dissemination, and severe bacteremia by 24 h postintranasal inoculation. Infected mice showed severe bronchopneumonia and dilatation and inflammatory cell infiltration in the perivascular space. More significantly, 100% of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice succumbed to 10(8) CFU of LAC-4 inoculation within 48 h. When this model was used to assess the efficacy of antimicrobials, all mice treated with imipenem and tigecycline survived a lethal intranasal challenge, with minimal clinical signs and body weight loss. Moreover, intranasal immunization of mice with formalin-fixed LAC-4 protected 40% of mice from a lethal (100× 100% lethal dose) intraperitoneal challenge. Thus, this model offers a reproducible acute course of A. baumannii pneumonia without requiring additional manipulation of host immune status, which will facilitate the development of therapeutic agents and vaccines against A. baumannii pneumonia in humans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".