Deep Near‐Infrared Imaging of a Field in the Outer Disk of M82 with the Altair Adaptive Optics System on Gemini‐North
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Deep H and K ' images recorded with the Altair adaptive optics system and Near‐Infrared Imager on Gemini‐North are used to probe the red stellar content in a field with a projected distance of 1 kpc above the disk plane of the starburst galaxy M82. The data have an angular resolution of 008 FWHM, and individual asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and red giant branch (RGB) stars are resolved. The AGB extends to at least 1.7 mag in K above the RGB tip, which occurs at K = 21.7. The relative numbers of bright AGB stars and RGB stars are consistent with stellar evolution models, and one of the brightest AGB stars has an H − K color and K brightness that is consistent with it being a C star. The brightnesses of the AGB stars suggest that they formed during intermediate epochs, possibly after the last major interaction with M81. Therefore, star formation in M82 during intermediate epochs may not have been restricted to the plane of the disk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".