Calcium signaling in Schwann cells at synaptic and extra‐synaptic sites: Active glial modulation of neuronal activity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Glial cells are widely dispersed in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). In the PNS, perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) are the glial cells associated with the pre- and postsynaptic elements of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). They, as other glial cells of the CNS, respond to high-frequency motor nerve stimulation with an increase in intracellular Ca(2+). In addition to detecting and responding to neurotransmission, PSCs are involved in short-term plasticity events where they depress neurotransmission through G-protein-dependent mechanisms and potentiate synaptic activity via Ca(2+)-dependent mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss evidence that outlines the role of PSCs in short- and long-term modulation of synaptic activity. We will also emphasize present functional similarities and differences in PSC activation at different NMJs. The importance of glial-neural interactions along myelinating axons will also be discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".