Liquid Crystalline Ionomers Containing Azobenzene Mesogens: Phase Stability, Photoinduced Birefringence, and Holographic Grating
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Liquid crystalline (LC) ionomers containing azobenzene mesogens and three transition metal ions (Cu 2+, Zn 2+, and Mn 2+ ) were prepared and characterized. Metal ions were found to exert significant effects on the photoinduced orientation of azobenzene mesogens and on the diffraction efficiency of holographic gratings. Using methacrylic acid for neutralization with metal ions, as compared with the copolymer with no metal, ionomers of Zn and Mn showed increased photoinduced birefringence and higher diffraction efficiency of birefringence gratings obtained by excitation with spatially modulated light polarization. By contrast, ionomers with Cu showed the opposite effects. As a whole, the behavior of photoinduced birefringence and holographic grating appears to be correlated with the thermal stability of the LC phase formed by azobenzene mesogens in the ionomer. Some new thoughts are discussed regarding the effect of metal and their ionic aggregates on the clearing temperature of LC ionomers. The interest for further exploring azobenzene LC ionomers is demonstrated by the finding that the insertion of a small amount of certain metal ions could be an effective means to improve or to tune the properties of azobenzene polymers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".