Kinetics of Canola Oil Transesterification in a Membrane Reactor
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biodiesel is quickly gaining attention as a renewable and environmentally friendly replacement for petroleum-based diesel. The dominant process involved in its production is transesterification consisting of three consecutive reversible reactions. For this work, the transesterification of canola oil was conducted using a continuous membrane reactor in the presence of NaOH as a catalyst. The forward and reverse rate constants of all three steps involved in the transesterification in the membrane reactor are reported. The proposed mathematical model fitted the experimental results well. It was found that increasing the catalyst concentration increased the reaction rates and the residence time did not have a significant influence on the reaction rates. Runs were performed at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 wt % NaOH based on the oil. A mole ratio of 24:1 methanol/oil was used in this work. The forward rate constants were greater than previously reported for a batch process. This was attributed to the excellent mixing in the membrane reactor loop, the higher methanol/oil mole ratio used here, and the continuous removal of product from the reaction medium. The advantages of using a membrane rector to enhance the reaction rate in the transesterification of canola oil in a membrane reactor were clearly shown.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it