The retirement incentive effects of Canada's Income Security programs
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Canada has a large Income Security system for retirement that provides significant and widely varying disincentives to work at older ages. We provide an empirical analysis of the retirement incentives of the Canadian Income Security system using a new administrative database. We find that the work disincentives inherent in the Canadian Income Security system have significant impacts on retirement. This suggests that program reform can play a role in responses to fiscal pressures. We also demonstrate the importance of controlling for lifetime earnings in retirement models. Specifications without these controls overestimate the effects of the Income Security system. JEL Classification: H55, J26 Les effets d’incitation à la retraite des programmes de la sécurité du revenu au Canada Le Canada a un important système de sécurité du revenu après retraite qui crée des désincitations importantes et diverses au travail pour les gens d’un âge avancé. Les auteurs donnent des résultats d’une analyse empirique de ces incitations en utilisant certaines données administratives nouvelles. Il semble que ces désincitations au travailont un impact significatif sur les décisions de retraite. Voilà qui suggère qu’une réforme des programmes peut avoir un impact important sur les réactions aux pressions fiscales. On montre aussi que la prise en compte des revenus tout au long de lavie active a une grande importance dans les modèles de retraite. Il est clair que toutes les spécifications de modèles qui ne prennent pas en compte ces facteurs tendent à sur‐estimer les effets des programmes de la sécurité du revenu.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it