The Use of Enzyme Technology for Improved Energy Utilization from Full-Fat Oilseeds. Part II: Flaxseed
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
An in vitro incubation study was carried out to determine whether various carbohydrase preparations contained appropriate activities to target nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) of full-fat flaxseed. Enzyme preparations C (cellulase, 340 U/g), XG (xylanase, 63,600 U/g and glucanase, 48,300 U/g), P (pectinase, 10,000 U/g), and MC (mannanase, 10,900 U/g and cellulase, 600 U/ g), alone and in combination (C + P, C + XG, P + XG, C + P + XG, C + P + MC, and C + P + XG + MC), were evaluated. Triplicate samples of defatted flaxseed meal (0.1 g) were incubated with 1% single enzymes or combinations at 45 degrees C and pH 5.2. A more pronounced degradation of NSP was achieved when the enzyme preparations were used in concert. Compared with the control (no enzyme) treatment, the degree of NSP degradation averaged 34.7% when the sample was incubated with the 3 most effective enzyme combinations (C + P + XG, C + P + MC, and C + P + XG + MC). The effect of carbohydrase enzyme supplementation on energy utilization from full-fat flaxseed was investigated in a TMEn assay with adult roosters. When compared with the nonsupplemented sample, an increase (P < 0.05) in TMEn content from 2,717 to 3,751 kcal/kg (on average) was observed for the flaxseed supplemented with enzymes C + P + XG, C + P + MC, and C + P + XG + MC. A similar pattern of increase (P < 0.05) in fat and NSP digestibilities was noted. Enzyme combination C + P + XG was further evaluated in a 2-wk (5- to 18-d) trial with broiler chickens fed a corn and soybean meal-based flaxseed (15%) diet or the flaxseed diet supplemented with the enzyme at 3 different levels: 0.002, 0.01, and 0.05%. When supplemented at the highest level, the enzyme blend improved (P < 0.05) feed:gain, total tract DM, fat and NSP digestibilities, AMEn content, and ileal fat digestibility. No effect of enzyme supplementation, regardless of the level used, on ileal protein digestibility and digesta viscosity was observed. The results of the current study suggest that multiactivity carbohydrase enzyme supplements may be used as a means to improve energy utilization from full-fat flaxseed and, thus, enhance its feeding value for poultry.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it