Pre-post Season Differences In Physical, Fitness, And Performance Characteristics In Elite Female Ice Hockey Players
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Only one study has examined the effects of multiple seasons of play in elite female ice hockey players, and on a limited number of variables. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if physical characteristics, fitness, and on-ice skating performance vary significantly from pre- to post-season in elite female ice hockey players. METHODS: The subjects of this study were players from the University of Alberta (n=94, age=20.9±2.5 yrs) measured over nine seasons of play (1999-2007). A full anthropometric battery was taken on each player for four pre- and post-seasons (1999-2000, 2004-05, 2005-06, and 2007-08). Off-ice fitness tests included vertical jump (VJ), sit-ups (SU), push-ups (PU), Leger Test (to predict VO2max), and 40-yd dash (DASH). On-ice skating performance tests included a 44.80 m speed (SPEED), 6.10 m acceleration (ACCEL), Cornering S-Turn agility (AGIL), and Modified Repeat Sprint Skate (MRSS) tests. Blood lactates were taken immediately after the MRSS and after 4-6 minutes recovery. Anaerobic power estimates were derived (anaerobic capacity and power from MRSS and SPEED - Watson & Sargeant, 1986) and (peak anaerobic power from VJ - Sayers, 1998). Paired sample t-tests were run using SPSS (Mac Version 11.0) with a significance level set a priori at p<0.01. RESULTS: Significant pre-to-post season differences were found for thigh and waist circumferences and % body fat; DASH; anaerobic capacity; AGIL and MRSS, MRSS drop-off, recovery HR, and post-MRSS lactate clearance. CONCLUSIONS: Anthropometric differences were within measurement error, suggesting that physical characteristics do not change significantly over the course of a season of play. However, differences in fitness and performance measures indicate that players improve selected aspects of both over the course of a season. These changes are likely a result of training, skating skill enhancement, and/or ice time rather than a learning effect over a five-to-six month period.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".