Aging and Thermal Stability of the Mixed Product of the Ether‐Soluble Fraction of Bio‐Oil and Bio‐Diesel
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The storage and thermal stability of blends of the ether‐soluble fraction of bio‐oil (ES) and bio‐diesel are reported. Fuel properties such as viscosity, water content, acid number and average molecular weight of the ES/bio‐diesel blends were measured before and after aging. Compared to the aging properties of bio‐oil alone, very small changes in water content and viscosity were shown for the blends aged at 80 °C for 180 h. Chemical changes were characterized using gel permeation chromatography, showing a slight increase in the molecular weight over time. Further confirmation of the changes was provided through Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, thermal decomposition analysis using a thermogravimetric analyzer, proton assignment using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and carbon assignment using carbon nuclear magnetic resonance. Overall, the study indicates that ES/bio‐diesel blends are stable as fuel under the conditions tested in this paper.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it