Sucrose Hydrates in Aqueous Solution by IR Spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two sucrose hydrates were found by factor analysis (FA) of the mid-infrared attenuated total reflectance (MIR-ATR) spectra of a series of aqueous sucrose solutions: sucrose penta- and dihydrate. The spectra of the isolated hydrates and their abundances as a function of concentration were obtained. Apart from the intensity of the water bands, the two hydrates differ only in a few sucrose bands in the C−O region. From the distribution of the species, the equilibrium between penta- and dihydrate was deduced: 3H 2 O + C 12 H 22 O 11 ·2H 2 O ⇌ C 12 H 22 O 11 ·5H 2 O. The pentahydrate equilibrium constant was found to be K e = (4.1 ± 0.3) × 10 -5 L 3 mol -3 . The two hydrates observed in aqueous solution are not found in the solid state. Analysis of the integrated intensity of the OH stretching band of sucrose−H 2 O mixtures shows that the OH vibrations in both the sucrose and the associated water are modified in the mixtures, indicating strong intermolecular interactions that influence the band intensities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".