Multifractal properties of porosity as calculated from computed tomography (CT) images of a sandy soil, in relation to soil gas diffusion and linked soil physical properties
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Relationships between soil porosity and diffusive gas flux are poorly understood, partly because of a difference in measurement scales between the two. The complexity of soil pore systems can be described by multifractal analysis at the microscopic scale, whereas relative soil gas diffusion coefficients ( D s / D o ) are usually evaluated at the core scale. The objectives of this study were to (i) define a quantitative ‘pseudo‐macroporosity gas ’ from high‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography (CT) scanning images and characterize it for 10 intact soil cores, (ii) analyse the frequency distribution of pseudo‐macropores gas in the columns with a multifractal approach and (iii) assess relationships between D s / D o measured at the core scale and multifractal parameters describing the pore system heterogeneity within a core. The shape and symmetry of the singularity spectra and the degree of curvilinearity of the Rényi spectra show that the multifractal behaviour of the pseudo‐macroporosity gas distribution for a given CT image thresholding varied among soil columns. Correlations found between D s / D o and some parameter estimates of the singularity spectrum suggest that the distribution of pseudo‐macropores gas , depending on the CT image thresholding, influenced D s / D o . In particular, a strong correlation between D s / D o and the entropy dimension (D q = 1 ) indicates that D s / D o was influenced by the degree of spatial heterogeneity of the pseudo‐macroporosity gas distribution. The correlation dimension (D q = 2 ) was also linked to D s / D o , suggesting that a second‐order power law might describe the scaling relationship between pseudo‐macroporosity gas distribution and D s / D o . In conclusion, the multifractal description of soil porosity as calculated from CT images may be regarded as a way to improve our understanding of gas movement in soils at the core scale.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it