Flow regimes and energy loss on chutes with upward inclined steps
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents new experimental data on water flow on stepped chutes with upward inclined steps. The slopes of the chutes are 30°, 45°, and 60° whereas the upward angles of the inclined steps are 10°, 20°, and 30°, respectively. Classifications of flow patterns by empirical correlations are presented. Based on dimensional analysis, the important parameters are analyzed, and the relevant dimensionless parameters are established. The energy loss and outlet velocity are strongly influenced by the Drop number and the slope of the stepped chutes. As the Drop number increases, the energy loss ratio decreases. At identical Drop numbers the energy loss ratio on the more moderate slope is greater than on the steeper. The adverse slope of the inclined steps increases the energy loss ratio and decreases the outlet velocity by less than 10%. To estimate the kinetic energy ratio, an empirical equation is proposed.Key words: stepped chutes, inclined step, energy dissipation, skimming flow, spillways.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it