The effect of cholinergic stimulation on rat pup ultrasonic vocalizations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As cholinergic stimulation increases vocalizations in adult rats, the present study investigated the effects of systemic oxotremorine, a cholinergic agonist, on the production of separation calls in rat pups of different ages and whether these effects are in response to central versus peripheral stimulation. The first experiment examined the dose-response effects of oxotremorine on the number of vocalizations and acoustic parameters of 10-, 15-, and 17-day-old rat pups. In contrast to other studies on adult rats, pup vocalizations were decreased while marginally changing acoustic parameters. The second experiment, using muscarinic antagonists, showed that pretreatment with atropine sulfate, which can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), reversed the call-reducing effect of oxotremorine whereas pretreatment with atropine methyl nitrate, which does not cross BBB, did not. Suppression of vocalizations by oxotremorine may be explained by central activation and not the peripheral effects of the drug. Dissimilar effects of cholinergic stimulation of infant and adult rat brains may be attributed to a differential role of the cholinergic system during development and maturity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".