Charging and structure of zwitterionic supported bilayer lipid membranes studied by streaming current measurements, fluorescence microscopy, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The authors report on the characterization of the charge formation at supported bilayer lipid membranes (sBLMs) prepared from the zwitterionic lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine on planar silicon dioxide substrates. The charging of the sBLMs was studied in KCl solutions of different ionic strengths between 0.1 and 10 mM by streaming current measurements. In addition, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy were applied to determine the lipid concentration in the membrane and to study the influence of the harsh conditions (pH 9-2, shear forces) during the electrokinetic measurements on the membrane stability and the lipid diffusion coefficient. The sBLMs were found to be extremely stable. Isoelectric points of about 4 revealed that unsymmetrical adsorption of hydroxide and hydronium ions determined the charging of the outer leaflet of the membrane in the investigated pH range. The diffusion coefficients were found to be rather independent on the ionic strength at neutral and alkaline pH. However, significantly decreased lipid diffusion at pH<4 indicated a charge-induced transition of the fluidic bilayer into a gel/ordered-phase bilayer.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
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Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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