Ridge-waveguide-based polarization insensitive Bragg grating refractometer
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A highly sensitive waveguide Bragg grating (WBG) sensor for measuring small changes of the refractive index of the surrounding liquid is presented. By using an open top ridge waveguide with a small core, the evanescent field interaction of the guided mode with the liquid analyte on the top of the waveguide is enhanced. The sensitivity measured via a shift in the resonance wavelength of the Bragg grating as high as 1 pm of wavelength shift for a change of 4 × 10−5 in the refractive index around 1.402 is realized. With a polarization insensitive Bragg grating, the polarization dependence of the sensor is improved. A theoretical analysis for the sensitivity of ridge waveguide sensors is given. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it