Bibliographic record
Abstract
Throughout much of the industrialised world, the terms of the post-war settlement con-solidated the position of trade unions and allowed sufficient scope for unionists to bring influence to bear on economic and social development. In Europe the state strength-ened trade unionism through supportive legislation and by engaging in different forms of exchange around macroeconomic policy issues and welfare provision. Such exchange was usually founded on Keynesian assumptions. The expansion of Fordist mass produc-tion regimes allowed trade unions access to a growing and relatively homogeneous membership, and encouraged employers to engage with trade unions in centralised or industrial collective bargaining. Within the terms of this post-war settlement, trade unions acted politically to improve welfare provisions and to bargain for improvements in the standard of living of members. The precise nature and scope of this activity was influenced by the national regulatory regime within which it took place and the struc-ture of the union movement concerned, but the point remains that trade unions were embedded in, and were integral to, the different national regulatory regimes.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.016 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.008 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.022 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".