Contraction and expansion of partially saturated hot mix asphalt samples exposed to freeze–thaw cycles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper analyses the physical impacts over hot mix asphalt subjected to freeze–thaw (FT) cycles (−18°C to +10°C) under dry and partially saturated conditions, with water or brine at different salt concentrations. Specifically, axial strain and temperatures at surface and in the heart of samples are measured during FT cycles. These measurements allow the quantification of the: (i) linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE), (ii) dilation generated by formation of ice, (iii) contraction by melting of ice and (iv) freezing points variation with the degree of saturation and content of salt in brine. Under FT cycles, elongation, dilation and contraction generated by formation and melting of ice are much more significant for sample partially saturated with water (PSW). In addition, between +10°C and +23°C, LCTE value of samples PSW or brine is higher than that of sample in the dry state.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".