Embryonic Staging Table for a Direct‐Developing Salamander, <i>Plethodon cinereus</i> (Plethodontidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presents a refined staging table for the direct-developing red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus, which is based on the incomplete staging system of James Norman Dent (J Morphol 1942; 71:577-601). This common species from eastern North America is a member of the species-rich lungless salamander family Plethodontidae. The staging table presented here covers several stages omitted by Dent and reveals novel developmental features of P. cinereus embryos. These include putative Leydig cells and open gill clefts, which are found in larvae of metamorphosing species but were previously reported as absent in direct-developing Plethodon. Other features found in larvae of metamorphosing salamander species, such as the palatopterygoid bone and lateral line neuromasts, were not observed in this material. The occurrence of larval and metamorphic features in these embryos has direct bearing on the patterns of life history evolution within the plethodontidae family. This study emphasizes the degree to which typically larval structures are retained in this direct-developing species and provides a staging table for further investigations into the development and evolution of plethodontid salamanders.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".