Effect of Supply of Metabolizable Protein on Whole Body and Splanchnic Leucine Metabolism in Lactating Dairy Cows
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of the supply of metabolizable protein (MP) on protein metabolism across the splanchnic tissues was determined in six catheterized lactating Holstein cows. In a crossover design, two isonitrogenous (16.3% CP) diets balanced to provide a low (Lo-MP) or high (Hi-MP) supply of MP were fed over 35-d periods. After 24 d of feeding, N balance was determined over a 6-d period. On d 33, [13C] sodium bicarbonate was infused into one jugular vein for 6 h, and hourly breath samples were collected. On d 34 or 35, L[1-(13)C] leucine was infused into one jugular vein, and between 2 to 6 h of infusion, breath and blood samples were taken hourly from the portal and hepatic veins and an artery. Isotopic enrichments of plasma leucine, 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, and expired CO2 were determined for calculation of leucine kinetics. Net leucine absorption was greater, either on a direct basis (leucine transfer only) or corrected for portal-drained viscera metabolism to 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate and CO2 for the Hi-MP diet. There were no effects of diet on hepatic net flux of leucine across the liver, and, thus, more leucine was available to peripheral tissues with the Hi-MP diet. Combined with an increment in portal absorption of most of essential AA, this led to increased milk protein output, although it only represented 16% of the additional available leucine. Whole body leucine oxidation was also greater for the Hi-MP diet, as was leucine used for protein synthesis. Despite these changes, MP supply did not affect irreversible loss rate of leucine by portal-drained viscera and the liver; these averaged 35 and 20% of whole body irreversible loss rate, respectively. These ratios confirm the high metabolic activity of splanchnic tissues in lactating dairy cows, which are even greater than previously reported in growing ruminants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".