Simon Haddad, The Palestinian Impasse in Lebanon: The Politics of Refugee Integration, Sussex Academic Press, Brighton and Portland, Oregon, 2003, x + 179pp. ISBN 1–903900–46–8
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A few years ago when a Kenyan colleague told me about his research on refugees as a threat to national security, I was sceptical. Coming from Canada, I saw this perception as a product of xenophobia and populist political rhetoric, not reality. Today, if I still doubted the destabilizing potential of mass refugee flows into vulnerable neighbouring states, Simon Haddad's The Palestinian Impasse in Lebanon would set me straight. Lebanon is a consociational democracy that, since independence in 1943, has been governed by a delicate balance of power between six main religious groups, three Christian and three Muslim. The Christian minority, especially the largest group, the Maronites, fear Muslim and Arab regional dominance and seek to dominate government to maintain their security. Sunnis, Shi'ites, and Druze seek political representation commensurate with their share of the population. The situation is so sensitive that no census has been conducted since 1932 as...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".