Transport and growth of larval cisco (Coregonus artedi) in the Keweenaw Current region of Lake Superior
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Larval cisco ( Coregonus artedi ) were sampled from Lake Superior off the western coast of the Keweenaw Peninsula (Michigan, USA) to determine if the Keweenaw Current influences their distribution and growth. Bongo net tows were conducted during April–June 2000 from four transects extending from 0.1 to 17 km offshore. For most sampling dates, cisco tended to be slightly more abundant, larger, and older at inshore locations. Later-hatched larvae appeared at the western-most transects first, during which time earlier-hatched larvae disappeared from the study area. This pattern followed what would be expected if larvae were being transported eastward by the prevailing Keweenaw Current. Estimated growth rates were 84% higher for later-hatched compared with earlier-hatched larvae and 25% lower for offshore larvae from the eastern-most transects compared with elsewhere. Accordingly, surface water temperatures partly explained spatial and temporal variations in growth rate. These results indicate that cisco larvae in Lake Superior may be transported great distances from major spawning sites by longshore currents and that the temperature regime of nursery areas may largely control their growth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".