A decision support tool for construction bidding
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A reliable estimate of markup is essential for successful bid proposals. This paper presents a decision support model for construction bidding. The developed model can assist contractors in estimating markup, and owners and/or their agents in evaluating bid proposals. The model is generic and can be used as a tool to evaluate different alternatives in engineering, procurement, and construction. It utilizes the multi‐attribute utility theory and the analytic hierarchy process and makes use of their advantages. Unlike models developed for similar purposes, the proposed model provides a decision support environment for the two functions; that is, estimating markup and evaluating bids. It also enables the user to construct the decision hierarchy that best suits his/her company’s business environment and bidding strategy in a flexible manner. It accounts for the decision maker’s attitude towards risk. Two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the use and capabilities of the proposed model.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.024 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it