Seasonal variations of a mixing layer in the lowermost stratosphere as identified by the CO‐O<sub>3</sub> correlation from in situ measurements
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Within the Stratosphere Troposphere Experiment by Aircraft Measurements (STREAM) project, airborne measurements of various trace species such as CO, CO 2 , N 2 O, and O 3 have been performed in several years and seasons. Here we focus on a summer campaign conducted from Timmins (Canada, 47°N, 80°W) in July 1998 and winter measurements carried out in March 1997 from Kiruna (Sweden, 68°N, 20°E). From correlations between CO and O 3 we identify a mixing layer in the lowermost stratosphere of which the vertical extent shows a significant seasonal variability. Troposphere to stratosphere exchange appears to be more vigorous in summer, although CO mixing ratios of the order of 15 ppbv indicate the presence of aged stratospheric air. While a significant tropospheric influence was observed up to potential temperatures of Θ = 330 K in March, the mixing layer in July increased to Θ = 360 K. In addition, its elevation above the tropopause also showed an increase. The CO‐O 3 correlation indicates that the higher elevation in July is most likely caused by a stronger contribution of subtropical tropospheric air, which was mixed into the lowermost stratosphere at the subtropical jet.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it