Characteristics of under-ice swarming of polar cod Boreogadus saida (Gadidae) in the Central Arctic Ocean
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phenological observations on under-ice swarming behavior of Polar cod Boreogadus saida were performed during the winter period 2009–2010 in the Canadian sector of the Arctic Ocean on the North Pole NP-37 drifting station. These observations and ichthyologic collections were the basis of the present study. The schools were mostly formed by the immature specimens ( TL = 75–169 mm; 1+ to 4+ age), the dominating group was presented by fish of 2+ age (86–94% of total abundance). The driving factors of such large under-ice swarming of Polar cod B. saida in the Arctic are discussed, particularly, the interactions of Polar cod development and the ice drift in the studied region. This species inhabits the overcooled water (−1.8°C) under the ice, so the scheme of the antifreeze agent producing in the fish blood is considered. We make assumptions about under ice migrations of Polar cod swarming.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".