Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Brachial Plexus Bigeleisen PE. Pittsford, NY: Sleeping Guerilla, 2006. DVD, $79.95. This wonderful multimedia DVD describes brachial plexus anatomy and nerve block approaches by both conventional and ultrasound-guided techniques. The DVD contains beautiful two- and three-dimensional images and color illustrations of brachial plexus anatomy in the interscalene, supraclavicular, infraclavicular, and axillary regions. Peripheral nerves below the axilla are not covered in detail. This is one of a few DVD productions on the market on ultrasound-guided blocks at this time. As the author cautions, the DVD is best played in a computer with the minimum requirements of a 1-GHz processor, 256 MB of RAM, and a 40-GB hard drive. A 17” monitor is also required, otherwise part of the text and graphics will not appear on the screen. Also, the program does not play well on some Sony computers, and there is no Macintosh version available at the present time. The DVD program is easy to start once inserted into the DVD drive, without any technical difficulty. The presentation starts off with two animated skeletons doing a tango dance with music in the introductory background. The DVD contains five major sections: text, cadaver study, anatomic, block, and video. Navigating through the program is simple and self-explanatory. The text section contains two parts, brachial plexus anatomy and introduction to sonography. The brachial plexus anatomy subsection is nicely done, but does not contain subheadings—e.g., phrenic nerve, brachial plexus, and vascular supply. The part on phrenic nerve and its variations is over emphasized. In this subsection there are 29 slides, and there is no quick way to return to slide #1 after reaching the end of the presentation. The description of peripheral nerve anatomy contains beautiful illustrations, but unfortunately without legends, making it somewhat difficult to follow. The introduction to the sonography section describes physics and basic principles in detail and is easy to understand. The cadaver study section contains four parts: a) root of the neck, b) anterior body wall, c) proximal sagittal cross section, and d) distal sagittal cross section. The anatomical display is of high quality, but is similar to what is found in most standard anatomical atlases. The main distinguishing feature is the ability to color the anatomical structures of interest when the cursor is placed over the text, making it simple to follow. The anatomic section contains Quicktime virtual reality and animation. The Virtual reality section contains interactive color illustrations of the bony, muscular, and vascular structures surrounding the brachial plexus from the neck to midhumerus. The model can be rotated in different directions, and again the anatomical structures can be highlighted by placing the cursor on the text. The block section contains materials for the axillary and infraclavicular regions only. Each subsection contains Quicktime virtual reality and animation, but both are more or less a repeat of what has been shown in the anatomic section. This reviewer did not find this section very instructive. The video section contains both video and audio feeds with accompanying text on the slide, but does not include videos for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular approach, conventional infraclavicular approach, and peripheral nerve blocks. The videos show the actual block procedure accompanied by beautiful colorful anatomical illustrations and ultrasound images. The videos are well done. In summary, this is a valuable, yet reasonably priced, DVD for learning brachial plexus anatomy and nerve block approaches. The author is to be congratulated for his contribution to the limited teaching resources for ultrasound-guided nerve blocks. Readers will find this DVD informative, illustrative, and simple to use. Vincent W. S. Chan, MD, FRCPC Professor Department of Anesthesia University of Toronto Toronto, Canada [email protected]
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.175 | 0.101 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".