A sensitive dual colorimetric and fluorescence system for assaying the activity of alkaline phosphatase that relies on pyrophosphate inhibition of the peroxidase activity of copper ions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel and highly sensitive colorimetric and fluorescence assay for the accurate determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity has been developed. The assay takes advantage of the inhibition of the peroxidase activity of Cu(2+) ions caused by complexation with pyrophosphate (PPi), a natural substrate for ALP. This inhibition disappears when PPi undergoes ALP catalyzed hydrolysis to generate phosphate, which does not bind to Cu(2+) ions. Thus, ALP causes generation of uncomplexed Cu(2+) ions, which promote multiple oxidation reactions of Amplex UltraRed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in conjunction with the production of intense fluorescence and colorimetric signals. By employing the fluorescence and colorimetric assay strategies, ALP can be detected at respective concentrations as low as 4.3 pM and 5.4 pM, detection limits that are much lower than those associated with previously described methods. The practical diagnostic capability of the assay system has been demonstrated by its use to detect ALP in human blood serum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".