Lithium Substitution Analysis of Na and K Phases in a Small Artery
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cell Na in the rat tail artery was measured by replacing all extracellular Na with Li at 2°C. Water was partitioned with 14C-sorbitol as the marker. The binding capacity of the cytoplasm was estimated by ion-exchange after the destruction of cell membranes by alternate freezing and thawing. Cell Na is of the order of 20–25 mEq/kg dry weight and about 2/<sub>3</sub> of this may be in free solution with [Na]<sub>i</sub> in the range of 15 mEq/liter. Cell K is about 220 mEq/kg dry weight and, of this, 30 mEq or more is bound so that [K]<sub>i</sub> is not greater than 190 mEq/liter. These estimates allow only for the low figure of 30 mEq as the sum of site-bound cell monovalent cations. It is shown, however, that as much as 50-60 mEq may be site-bound or otherwise restricted within the cell. A similar amount, mostly Na+, is site-bound within the paracellular matrix.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it