Frequency of resistance to stem rust race TPMK in Afghan wheat cultivars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum). In Afghanistan, wheat is an economically important crop, comprising approximately 80% of grain production. Little work has been done to identify Afghan wheat cultivars that are potential sources of stem rust resistance. Five modern Afghan wheat cultivars and 500 wheat accessions from Afghanistan and three adjacent regions in Pakistan, Iran, and Tajikistan were screened at the seedling stage for resistance to stem rust race TPMK. Four of the five modern Afghan cultivars (‘Hazardana’, ‘Kabul-2000’, ‘Solh-02’, and ‘Zardana’) displayed infection type 2 and were considered resistant. The four resistant lines were further evaluated at the Cereal Disease Laboratory (CDL), St. Paul, Minnesota, for resistance to seven stem rust races including TPMK (for confirmation) and TTKS (Ug99). All four lines were susceptible to race TTKS. However, ‘Hazardana’ and ‘Zardana’ were resistant to races QFCS, QTHJ, RCRS, RKQQ, and TTTT. ‘Kabul-2000’ and ‘Solh-02’ were resistant to race QFCS but susceptible to races QTHJ, RCRS, RKQQ, and TTTT. All four cultivars were confirmed at the CDL to be resistant to race TPMK. The susceptibility to race TPMK in all accessions and in one modern Afghan cultivar and the susceptibility to race TTKS in all four cultivars that were resistant to race TPMK indicate a high vulnerability of wheat lines to emerging P. graminis strains both in Afghanistan and adjacent regions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".