A probabilistic approach for the estimation of angle kappa in infants
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a probabilistic approach for the estimation of the angle between the optical and visual axes (angle kappa) in infants. The approach assumes that when patterned calibration targets are presented on a uniform background, subjects are more likely to look at the calibration targets than at the uniform background, but it does not require accurate and continuous fixation on presented targets. Simulations results show that when subjects attend to roughly half of the presented targets, angle kappa can be estimated accurately with low probability (< 1%) of false detection. In experiments with five babies who attended to the calibration target for only 47% of the time (range from 26% to 70%), the average difference between repeated measurements of angle kappa was 0.04 ± 0.31°.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it