Estimating the Number of Births to Hepatitis B Virus-infected Women in 22 States, 2006
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Estimating the annual number of births to hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected women is essential for monitoring efforts to prevent perinatal HBV transmission. We describe a method for estimating births to HBV-infected women in 22 states during 2006. METHODS: The number of births to HBV-infected women was calculated by (1) multiplying the number of US/Canadian-born mothers stratified by US race/ethnicity-specific HBV prevalence estimates, and (2) adding the number of foreign-born mothers stratified by their region of birth and multiplied by region-specific HBV prevalence estimates. RESULTS: Of 2,359,912 births, an estimated 16,608 (0.7%) were to HBV-infected women. Foreign-born women, who represented 25.3% of all mothers, accounted for 80.6% of estimated HBV-infected mothers. Estimated foreign-born HBV-infected mothers were from Southeast Asia (31.2%), East Asia (21.2%), and Africa (13.8%). Non-Hispanic blacks represented 55.1% of US/Canadian-born HBV-infected mothers. Compared with a previous estimate, which considers foreign-born status only for Asian/Pacific Islander mothers, this method estimated an additional 3000 births to HBV-infected women. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating maternal country of birth and region-specific HBV infection prevalence likely enhances estimation of births to HBV-infected women in the United States. According to our estimate, approximately 10,000 births to HBV-infected women were not identified by state and local health departments in 22 states.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".