Narwhals and seismic exploration: Is seismic noise increasing the risk of ice entrapments?
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
There is great interest in exploring and exploiting hydrocarbon resources in the Arctic, and one of the main methods of locating and assessing such resources is seismic survey. Marine seismic surveys involve the use of airguns that introduce high-energy noise to the Arctic’s largely pristine underwater acoustic environment. Narwhals may be particularly sensitive to this noise but so far no studies have addressed the question of direct effects of high-energy airgun pulses on these animals. We are concerned about the possibility that three large recent ice entrapments were causally linked to seismic survey activities. On these occasions narwhals remained in coastal summering areas until well into the fall and early winter season, delaying their annual offshore migration and becoming lethally entrapped by rapidly forming fast ice. About 1000 narwhals died in an ice entrapment in Canada in 2008 and about 100 in two entrapments in Northwest Greenland in 2009–10. We conclude that studies of the direct effects of seismic surveys on narwhals are urgently needed and should ideally precede further seismic surveys in narwhal habitats.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it