Seasonal ambient noise levels and impacts on communication in the North Atlantic right whale
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The North Atlantic right whale is a highly endangered species of baleen whale. Acoustic communication plays an important role in the social behavior of these whales. Right whales are found in coastal waters along the east coast of the United States, an area characterized by high levels of human activity. Most of these activities generate noise that is propagated into the coastal marine environment. The goals of this project are to characterize the noise, both natural and anthropogenic, in right whale habitat areas to determine what levels of noise the whales are regularly exposed to, and whether the acoustic behavior of right whales changes in response to increased noise. Continuous recordings were made from autonomous bottom-mounted recorders in three major habitat areas in 2004 and 2005; Cape Cod Bay (December–May), Great South Channel (May), and the Bay of Fundy, Canada (August) to passively detect right whales by recording their vocalizations. Here, we describe the ambient noise levels in these recordings to describe the daily acoustic environment of right whales, how noise varied over diel, weekly, and seasonal time scales, and whether noise levels correlated with any observed changes in acoustic behavior of the whales.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".