Role of Probucol on Endothelial Dysfunction of Epicardial Coronary Arteries Associated With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The lipid-lowering agent probucol may be efficacious, through its antioxidant properties, to limit and reverse the vascular endothelial dysfunction associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). LVH was induced by performing an aortic banding (AB) on swine, except for controls (group 1). The untreated AB group received a placebo (group 2) whereas the treated groups received probucol (1000 mg/d orally); the third group began its treatment on the day of the banding (for 60 d), the fourth began on day 30 and the fifth on day 60 after AB (both for 30 d). Hypertrophy was assessed by echocardiography and histology. Coronary vascular reactivity was evaluated in organ chambers and endothelial function by quantification of NO2/NO3 and cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate. To assess oxidative stress, hydroperoxides and angiotensin II levels as well as superoxide dismutase activity were evaluated. After treatment with probucol, a significant decrease in left ventricle/body weight ratio was observed compared with the untreated group. Dose-response curves of the probucol groups showed an improvement in endothelium-dependent relaxations, associated with increased nitric oxide bioavailability and decreased angiotensin II and hydroperoxide levels. In conclusion, the antioxidant probucol limited the development and induced the regression of LVH and the associated coronary endothelial dysfunction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".