Evaluation of Minimum Miscibility Pressure and Composition for Terra Nova Offshore Project Using the New Vanishing Interfacial Tension Technique
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Terra Nova oil pool is the second largest oil pool discovered in the Grand Banks of the Canadian East Coast and is under development with production startup target date in late 2000. As a part of the oil recovery process selection criteria, miscibility conditions were determined for Terra Nova oil with various enrichment levels of gas available from the offshore production facilities, using the newly developed Vanishing Interfacial Tension (VIT) technique. The VIT technique is based on the concept that the interfacial tension between the gas and crude oil phases at reservoir temperature must reduce to zero as these two phases approach the point of miscibility. The concept of zero-interfacial tension at miscibility is, in turn, based on the well-accepted fact that the interface between the phases must vanish, as they become miscible with one another. Thus, the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) and minimum miscibility composition (MMC) can be determined precisely by measuring gas-oil interfacial tension as a function of pressure and gas composition, down to as low an interfacial tension as the measurement technique allows, and then extrapolating the data to zero interfacial tension. This paper presents the details of this new VIT technique and its evaluation against slim-tube tests, and discusses its application to the Terra Nova gas injection scheme. The interfacial tension data obtained at reservoir conditions using the computerized axi-symmetric drop shape analysis technique are presented as a function of pressure, gas composition, and the mode of gas-oil contact (first contact or equilibrium). In addition to providing visual evidence of miscibility as the point of zero interfacial tension is approached, the VIT technique is rapid in that it enables the experimental determination of MMP and MMC within about 2-3 days as against 4-6 weeks required by the slim-tube technique.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".