The p38 MAPK Pathway Is Required for Cell Growth Inhibition of Human Breast Cancer Cells in Response to Activin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Activin, a member of the TGFbeta family inhibits cell growth in various target tissues. Activin interacts with a complex of two receptors that upon activation phosphorylate specific intracellular mediators, the Smad proteins. The activated Smads interact with diverse DNA binding proteins and co-activators of transcription in a cell-specific manner, thus leading to various activin biological effects. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of action of activin in the human breast cancer T47D cells. We found that activin treatment of T47D cells leads to a dramatic decrease in cell growth. Thus activin appears as a potent cell growth inhibitor of these breast cancer cells. We show that activin induces the Smad pathway in these cells but also activates the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, further leading to phosphorylation of the transcription factor ATF2. Finally, specific inhibitors of the p38 kinase (SB202190, SB203580, and PD169316) but not an inactive analogue (SB202474) or the MEK-1 inhibitor PD98059 completely abolish the activin-mediated cell growth inhibition of T47D cells. Together, these results define a new role for activin in human breast cancer T47D cells and highlight a new pathway utilized by this growth factor in the mediation of its biological effects in cell growth arrest.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".