An Experimental Study of Dynamics of Towed Flexible Cylinders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, some experiments are described which were designed to illustrate the dynamical behaviour of towed flexible cylinders and to test the theory. A silicone rubber cylinder was manufactured such that it was almost neutrally buoyant when immersed in water. The cylinder was terminated by plexiglas end-pieces and was held in horizontal water flow by a length of nylon thread (towrope). Video capturing along with image processing techniques were used to measure the transverse displacement of the cylinder in the horizontal plane. For the cylinder with relatively streamlined nose and tail end-pieces, non-flexural (rigid-body), as well as flexural instabilities developed as the flow velocity was increased; using a sufficiently blunt tail end-piece significantly stabilized the system, while shortening the towrope was not very effective for stabilizing the system. The experimental observations are generally in qualitative agreement with the nonlinear theory. Quantitative comparison of various quantities, e.g. the instability thresholds, between experiment and theory, based on the estimated values of some of the theoretical nondimensional parameters, is also fairly good.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".