Phosphodiesterase 4B genetic variants are not associated with antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) has been evaluated as a genetic risk factor for schizophrenia. Selective PDE4 inhibitor drugs have antipsychotic-like effects and reduce tardive dyskinesia-like movements in animal models. We investigated whether PDE4B genetic variants are associated with antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia incidence and severity in schizophrenia patients. Our sample consisted of 169 Caucasian patients taking typical antipsychotic medication for at least 1 year. We found two PDE4B gene variants to be nominally associated with tardive dyskinesia (rs1338719 and rs7528545) in the overall population and two other variants nominally associated with the presence of tardive dyskinesia and severity in female patients (rs1890196 and rs783036). None of these results survived correction for multiple testing. Overall, our results do not support a genetic association between tardive dyskinesia and PDE4B.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".