Dynamic simulation of falling weight deflectometer tests on flexible pavements using the spectral element method: forward calculations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A dynamic analysis based on the spectral element method is described for the interpretation of falling weight deflectometer (FWD) tests on flexible pavements. This dynamic approach was implemented in the computer code Dynamic Analysis of Pavement - Université Laval (DYNAPAV-UL) that includes both frequency-independent hysteretic damping and frequency-dependent viscous damping material models. A parametric study was conducted on a four-layer flexible pavement to evaluate the influence of different layer moduli on deflection basins and deflection histories. The viscous behaviour of the asphalt concrete layer was also investigated. While the deflection basin currently used in static methods gives some details of the pavement response under transient loading, the simulations of FWD tests using the dynamic model suggest that the time histories should be included as well for the interpretation of FWD deflection measurements. In fact, important dynamic phenomena due to inertial effects and viscous effects are only revealed by deflection histories.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".