Interferometry and Fluorescence Detection for Simultaneous Analysis of Labeled and Unlabeled Nanoparticles in Solution
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel fluctuation spectroscopy technique based on interferometry is described. The technique, termed scattering interference correlation spectroscopy (SICS), autocorrelates the signals from the forward-scattered and transmitted laser light from nanoparticles (NPs) in solution. SICS has two important features: First, for unlabeled NPs with known refractive index, it analyzes not only the diffusion coefficient but also the effective cross section and concentration in a single measurement. Second, it can be combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) for simultaneous analysis of labeled and unlabeled NPs. SICS is here demonstrated on unlabeled M13 phages and on unlabeled NPs with diameters of 210 nm down to 26 nm. It is also shown how the combination of SICS and FCS can be used to determine the fraction of fluorescent NPs in a mixture and estimate K(d) from a single binding measurement.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it