Temporal off-diagonal long-range order in polariton condensates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary form only given. Bosons can populate quantum states macroscopically, forming various kinds of thermal-equilibrium, and quasi-equilibrium condensates, which exhibit a wide range of collective phenomena including superfluidity and macroscopic coherence in matter. Interferometry has been employed to demonstrate long-range off-diagonal order in cold-atom systems, and, recently, in the rapidly developing field of exciton-polariton condensates. However, all such interferometric measurements have been performed on steady-state condensates, unable to access the temporal off-diagonal order and non-equilibrium dynamics. Moreover, in solid-state systems, interference between two separate condensates has not been observed before. Here we use optical injection to resonantly generate two dynamic exciton-polariton condensates with distinct momenta and at different times. We characterize the interference between condensates, demonstrating their long-range temporal order. We show that the build-up of the temporal long-range order strongly depends on the strength of polariton interactions, as well as the temperature and particle density. Moreover, polariton interactions yield a blue shift of the dynamic condensate energy, acting as an extremely large optical nonlinearity. These results provide direct evidence of temporal long-range order in dynamic condensates as well as demonstrate a new approach for probing the ultrafast coherent dynamics of exciton-polaritons, opening new directions in the fundamental study of coherence in matter as well as in practical applications such as quantum information processing and ultrafast logic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".